Situated in the context of the institutional reform and functional transformation of the State Council，this paper analyzes issues on current fertility policy from a new perspective including ( 1) public questioning of the risk and fairness of the current family planning policy，( 2) an underdeveloped population information system which lags behind the development and work needs，( 3) misallocation of the resources of family planning public service and public welfare system，and ( 4) the persistent rule by man feature，the strong social constrain，and path dependence of the family planning management. egarding these issues，this paper points out the new focuses of the family planning work in the current and next period，which include promoting the fairness of fertility policy and equalizing public services，building comprehensive population information system，and promoting the rule of law in family planning work. This paper also proposes three fundamental principles to facilitate the scientific development of the family planning work: guided by the demand of the people，based on overall coordination，and driven by management innovation.